Sony, Mutinational company in Japan
Sony was founded in 1946 and is a leading multinational company in Japan. Now, in broad terms, it refers to a gigantic Sony group centered on Sony Corporation, which is a holding company, and in a narrow sense, it simply refers to Sony Corporation of Japan itself. It was once the name of a big Japanese electronics and electronics company that has swept the world. Now it has expanded its business into the existing electronics manufacturing business and expanded it into a complex entertainment and financial company. Sony has acquired and expanded the entertainment business in America during its heyday, and succeeded in the PlayStation business. In the United States and Europe, it is not an electronics company represented by the existing Walkman or Trinity, but a PlayStation, Sony Pictures, And entertainment companies and media companies are represented by many. Although Sony's financial business itself is not well known, GE has entered the banking business with an example of GE Capital's expansion to GE Capital as Chairman Jack Walcott, and the profits gained from this were once the strength It was also. Unlike other big Japanese companies such as Panasonic, Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, and Toshiba, which are established after the defeat, they are relatively free from the debate about war criminal support companies. Generally, among Japanese large corporations established before 1945, there is room for a war criminal enterprise. On the other hand, companies such as Sony and Casio, which were founded after 1945, are hardly seen as war criminals because they were in Japan after World War II surrendered to the Allies.
It was also the official sponsor of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. There are many times Sony has sponsored world sports events. Direct production facilities are located in Japan, China, Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Brazil, Mexico and others. We had a direct factory in France and the United States, but we are not putting up a local plant because of high labor costs. However, the heart of substantial Sony is entertainment companies such as Sony Pictures and Sony Music Entertainment. This head office is located in the United States.
The founders of Sony Group are Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka. The Sony group started out as a radio repair shop at Nihonbashi Department Store in Tokyo, which was partially destroyed in early 1946. There were only about 20 employees at the time of establishment, and the first product produced at the end of the 1940s was electric rice bran. The original mission before Sony was Tokyo Telecommunications Industry Co., Ltd. In 1956, the company changed its name to Sony because it believed it would be difficult to hit the global market with its brand name.
For a similar reason, Matsushita Electric has branded Panasonic as an exportable product in the 7th and 80s, and changed its name to Panasonic in 2008. Anyway, the name Sony is not only a short, easy and refreshing feeling, but also a great example of brand marketing that reads the same way everywhere in the world. Even when we shook the world with Walkman, many Americans knew that Toyota was a Japanese company, but Sony was an American company. Thanks to that, we created a high-quality brand called Lexus to take away the popular image of Japanese products at the time. There are still many who do not know whether Lexus is a Toyota brand.
Prior to exporting transistor radio to the United States, the earliest flagship business was the repair and repair work that normalized the shortwave radio, which was sealed by the Japanese government before the defeat, and the production of a tape recorder for delivery to the broadcasting station. One of the co-founders, Akio Morita, predicted that after World War II, the United States would become the center of the world economy. Therefore, he predicted that if he eats in America, he would eat in the whole world, and he went to America with his family. Morita, who has never seen a glimpse at Manhattan 5th Avenue in New York, USA, worked diligently with the belief that he would trade at Fifth Avenue. He eventually opened a Sony Showroom on Manhattan 5th Avenue in 1962. With Morita's efforts, Sony has expanded into the US and introduced innovative products such as transistor radio, trinitron, and walkman, turning Japan Electronics' products into images of high-end, original products that have been images of postwar Japan.
In times of intense competition between Sony and Panasonic, Sony was a representative of East Japan. Panasonic has a strong image of companies representing West Japan. This, of course, is limited to black household appliances, especially AV devices. It is because Sony did not handle the white goods. In addition to Panasonic, Toshiba, Sanyo, and Sharp are among the strongest of traditional white household appliances in Japan. In terms of corporate philosophy, Sony's corporate philosophy is similar to a Western company that emphasizes creativity, but Panasonic's corporate philosophy is a typical Japanese company represented by collectivism, responsibility, and cooperation. It is the only company in the world that can simultaneously produce, supply and distribute media and hardware such as movies, animation, music, online, video games.
Since 2011, Apple has grown into a similar strategy. The difference is that Apple does not produce content directly. Although it is the same strategy, Sony's performance has been sluggish since 10 years ago, and Apple, which uses the same strategy ten years later, is doing good, but it is performing well. This has now become the single biggest difference from any other company. That's why the Xperia X1 and the PSP can be bundled with the Spider-Man real film series. But it is still as much as half of the electronics segment.
It is because of the management philosophy of Oganario, the CEO of Sony at the height of 1987, that Sony is involved in the production of such media as it is now. At that time, it was Sony's representative trademark when it was said that it was a pronoun of household appliances. There was no place for Sony products in homes around the world, and most of the consumer electronics in Hollywood movies produced at that time were Sony. In the future, Oganario, who believes that content should be included in the machine, puts more emphasis on investment in content media than actual product planning, production and marketing. In addition, since the organo was a musician, he had a great influence on the production of the related acoustic equipment. What he did after his retirement was to build a musical synagogue in Karuizawa, where he was treated during his illness.
In 1988, he acquired CBS Records to create Sony Music Entertainment. In 1989, he acquired Columbia Pictures and founded Sony Pictures Entertainment. In the context of the 21st century contents and media industry becoming important, it may be said that it went ahead of the times. The problem is that I did not do the technology R & D that much. Subsequent investment in the content industry has returned to serious debt in 1995. The surplus, which was close to 800 billion yen in 1991, decreased to 240 billion yen at the end of 1994, and Sony's debt increased to 1, 500 billion yen. In 1995, as soon as Mr. Ide came in, he appointed Ibatamotsu, a former chief financial officer, as CFO. In 2000, IBATAMOTS succeeded in significantly reducing its debt size and improving its financial structure. However, although the debt repayment rate was high, investment in research and development was relatively low.
Although Nobuyuki Idei has been in business since its founding and has been successful in promoting Vega and Bio, Sony's spring was short because no active investment in the digital industry has been made. To prepare for the bio business in 1996, Idee chose to acquire Apple, which had been in decline just before Steve Jobs, who had his own computer operating system to enhance digital content.
Eventually, this effect continues, and the stock price of Sony in Tokyo in 2003 falls to 30,000 yen from 500,000 yen. This is called the Sony issue, not only in Sony but also domino effect to other electronics companies in the country. Since then, Sony 's share price has never risen above 7,000 yen and has not exceeded 4,000 yen since the 2008 global financial crisis. Also, from this time, the Japanese electronics industry can not keep up with the current trend and starts to decline. It was too late to invest in the times. The Case of Missing the Flow of the Age After the shock of Sony, the brand value in the electronics industry declined naturally when Sony was unable to show the innovative aspect and creativity of its predecessor.
PlayStation series, Sony Computer Entertainment, which is engaged in video game business, and Sony Online Entertainment, which operates in online game sold in 2014, and Sony Pictures Entertainment, which is in charge of music business, Sony Pictures Entertainment, are all subsidiaries of Sony All. For reference, Sony Music and Sony Pictures Entertainment were merged and merged. As a result, it is easy to find names of Sony subsidiaries related to the media and contents mentioned above in introduction of Japanese animation and drama, etc. In fact, they are investing and distributing in various videos in Japan. Animax is famous for animation. We are investing in foreign dramas and movies. A typical example is Marvel's Spider-Man movie copyright is on Sony, the owner of Columbia Pictures. For this reason Spider-Man, a core member of the Avengers, was unable to appear in the movie The Avengers, but instead went to the Amazing Spider-Man series. However, on February 9, 2015, Marble Studio and co-production announced. This has opened the way for Spider-Man to appear in Marvel works such as Avengers. For the first time in Captain America's Civil War, Spider-Man came up with Spider-Man: Homecoming's solo film.
Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley, Britney Spears, Beyonce, George Winston, Whitney Houston, Bob Dylan, Celine Dion, Santana, George Michael, Susan Boyle, etc., It belongs to or belongs to the music distribution rights. However, the name is Sony Music, and the stock is also a complete Sony affiliate holding Sony firmly. It is said to be the top three labels in the world today.
As they invested heavily in media, they were quickly overtaken by Samsung and LG because they were relatively neglected in the manufacturing sector. Although Sony might have thought it would be easy to sell things in the world market if it had the reputation as the world's best product, it quickly lost third world markets to Samsung and LG's active local marketing. It is one of the most painful consequences for Sony that Samsung and LG have been defeated in India, the second biggest market in China. Indeed, in the early 1980s, Sony recognized Sony as a consumer electronics product. In the rural towns, the symbol for consumer electronics was Sony, so radio, cassettes, TVs, and even the washing machines of other companies that Sony did not produce were called Sony. However, since the latecomers Samsung and LG are actively presenting the latest products to India and stealing food from the refrigerator, it is important to lock the refrigerator with a keyhole to lock it, As an advertising model, and succeeded in raising awareness thanks to aggressive marketing.
Sony, on the other hand, has been slowly pushed out of the market by not thinking about fundamental measures against the Indian market but will buy it if necessary. Sony TV will be handled with care by Samsung and LG TV. . In 2006, when NHK went directly to India, LG had the top spot with 33%, followed by Samsung with 6th place behind Samsung and Vice-Cone, Philips and Hitachi. , LG and Samsung products were the most popular products among the consumer electronics mall in Mumbai and Delhi. Sony, by contrast, has been stuck in the corner or has written few related products.
In 2003, we announced a premium brand, Sony Qualia, which encompassed all product lines, but eventually ended up with the Qualia business in 2005, at a ridiculous price for both regular users and enthusiasts. Among them, selling a 200-megapixel tinker digital camera for 380,000 yen is not enough. However, as Sony's ambitious business, products such as premium quality headphones are still traded at high prices among enthusiasts. From 2015, we are working with Olympus to diversify our business into various fields such as the medical industry, the international education industry, the real estate industry, and the drones industry, and CEO Hirai Kazuo expressed his position that it will advance into the electric car industry market based on its image sensor technology. There is one. In 2016, Sony is expected to enter the game market for smartphones in earnest. Sony Interactive Entertainment is set to build its affiliate ForwardWorks, which develops and distributes mobile games. With the development of smartphones, many consumers are enjoying games through smartphones instead of TVs and gaming devices.
Sony's cameras include α, RX, QX, and Cyber-shot series. The α-Series, a lens-interchangeable camera system, is now the number one player in the mirrorless camera market in 2017. Kodak is the world's first company to develop digital cameras, but Sony is the world's first company to commercialize digital cameras. In the 1980s, Mavikara, which is the abbreviation of magnetic video camera, was a brand, and CyberShot, a sub-brand, was making digital cameras from the 90s. Despite using famous Carl Zeiss lenses in most of the products, It has been a long time since I was in the market for Nikon, Nikon, Canon, Olympus, etc. However, after taking over the camera business of Minolta, which was renowned for its robust design technology, in 2006, it challenged the DSLR by marketing using the existing Carl Zeiss lens, but did not have much fun. After that, the moving mirror, which is a disadvantage of the existing DSLR, I took the DSLT series, which was replaced with a mirror, and began to take a little bit of Nikon and Canon pie. Though most people would not be able to go beyond the camera's two major mountains, Canon and Nikon, since 2010, the mirrorless NEX series and DSLT hits have led to the loss of Panasonic and Olympus in Micro Four Thirds The Nikon EOS-M is the first camera in the market to take advantage of the Nikon DSLR because of Mirrorless's sales. Even after the first quarter of 2014, it has been the leader in the lens interchangeable digital camera market. In particular, the first full-frame mirrorless lens launched in 2013 is not made by any company as of 2016, In a nutshell, Minor is being reborn as a major. Of course, the whole system is still in the milling, but the mirrorless is the next generation camera, and the mirrorless is developed according to the technological development, while the DSLR still does not have much room for improvement, but rather the mirrorless, The future of SONY is bright.